Free Research Papers on Philosophy
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Evolution versus creation has been a debate lasting decades upon decades in the
United States and around the world. The mock trial held during class, however,
was not to prove one view as right and the other wrong. Rather, the focus of the
trial, from the view of the prosecution, was simply to prove that creation
should not be taught as a science in schools. The prosecution and the defense
were e... Full-text essay
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Charles Darwin’s introduction of evolution, created the battle between
evolution and religion. Still, to this day, the influence of Darwinism has
people asking themselves where they came from. God, a higher spirit, or the
process of evolution, are the two main choices to pick from. For many years, God
was the predominant answer, but after the ideas of Darwin, scientists have taken
the task to tra... Full-text essay
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In the stranger, Camus uses Mersaults' experiences such as his mothers' death,
killing the Arab, the trial, and his interaction with other characters
throughout the novel to convey his philosophy, which satisfies all principals of
existentialism. The existentialism idle proposes that man is full of anxiety and
despair with no meaning in his life, just simple existing, until he's made a
decisive b... Full-text essay
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Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Jaspers write of many important issues
concerning our existence and society in general, but the one that interests me
the most is the belief in the ignorance and stupidity of the majority of the
human race. We are so narrow-minded, so asleep, so afraid of exploring ourselves
and what is beyond this all-encompassing story we have created and in which we
live... Full-text essay
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When the word "existentialism" is mentioned, what comes to mind? Lack
of faith? Secular beliefs? It is a belief in living life. Could it be any
simpler than that? Existentialists believe in free will, making choices, and
living with those consequences. This is not some kind of weird "hippy"
philosophy; it makes sense. Existentialistic thought is predominately a 20th
century re... Full-text essay
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Existentialism is a philosophical movement that developed in continental Europe
during the 1800’s and 1900’s. Most of the members are interested in the
nature of existence or being, by which they usually mean human existence.
Although the philosophers generally considered to be existentialists often
disagree with each other and sometimes even resent being classified together,
they have been group... Full-text essay
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The “fall of man” as seen described in the first book of the Holy Bible,
Genesis, is portrayed as a sinister act. The fact that Eve fell into temptation
seems to be the foundation on which everyone bases his or her misplaced chance
at paradise. What many people fail to see is that much good came from the
“fall of man”, and should be thanking Eve for choosing to fall into sin.
Without Eve we would... Full-text essay
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In our society women are often pressured and conditioned to conform to
traditional feminine standards. In the past fifty or so years women have begun
to find modes of resistance against these cultural constraints. In this essay I
will cover Bartky’s essay “ Skin Deep”, she theorizes about the
“properly feminine subject”, the definition of the body, disciplinary
practices and how to resist. Bartky... Full-text essay
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What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women
and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and
economical equality for women. Feminists can be anyone in the population, men,
women, girl or boys. Feminism can also be described as a movement. A revolution
that includes women and men who wish the world to be equal without boundaries.
These b... Full-text essay
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On college campuses today the debate rages to limit certain kinds of speech that
is racists and sexist, some students say that they have a right to say what ever
they what because of the First Amendment and doing so will a volition of this
right, but this kind of speech threatens the rights of minorities and dose let
them engage in the leering process. Freedom of speech and the exchange of ideas
... Full-text essay
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Frederick Douglass was a famous African American orator and author of the 19th
century. He was born as a slave and became one of the most important figures of
the abolitionist movement. Frederick Douglass believed that slavery was the
great sin and shame of America, a country that he truly loved. Douglass was most
famous for his fiery speeches addressed to white Americans and free black men,
but ... Full-text essay
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The first amendment to the constitution guarantees the right of free speech and
of the press. Unfortunately, some individuals have used this right to protect
themselves from litigation when they produce material that is pornographic,
hateful or when they use ethically questionable methods when reporting a story.
The government has attempted to intervene through passing laws and imposing
regulatio... Full-text essay
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"We must come to see that human progress never rolls in on wheels of
inevitability." (King, p. 160) Robert Blatchford would argue differently
about this statement, because he would say that progress is pre-determined. As
he would say, progress will happen only if it is meant to happen. Are things in
life such as progress inevitable or are they based upon decisions we make of our
own fre... Full-text essay
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People are not free and do not have freewill due to unseen forces within the
human mind and areas of the unconscious not aware to us. There are arguments
that go against the principle of freewill in reference to the unconscious. Many
people who have done studies in this area conclude that the unconscious can be
seen or measured, so it is able to exist. According to Sigmund Freud, the
unconscious ... Full-text essay
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Freedom has many different meanings. The quality of being frank, open, or
outspoken along with the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint are just
some of the meanings of freedom. The quality of being exempt or released from
something is also another definition of freedom. As much as freedom is
considered to be a good thing it also has bad qualities that can accompany it.
As young children... Full-text essay
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History has taught us that from the advent of time, man has proven
himself to be his own worst enemy. Throughout history, various controversies and
disputes have progressed into major wars with devastating effects. Some people
believe that these are the subsequent results of increasing power in man. To
many it may seem that the acquisition of varying degrees of power and influence
cause marked ch... Full-text essay
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1. Freud defines three stages of sexuality, the oral, the anal and the oedipal
stage. An infant in its oral stage learns that there is an external world
through pleasure and pain. Human nature is governed by the pleasure principle.
When the infant is being breast fed he/she feels pleasure and when pulled away
from the breast the baby feels pain. The pleasure principle is a way of seeking
pleasure... Full-text essay
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George Orwell has been a major contributor to anticommunist literature around
the World War II period. Orwell lived in England during World War II, a time
when the Totalitarianism State, Nazi Germany, was at war with England and
destroyed the city of London. (DISC) "I know that building' said Winston
finally. It's a ruin now. It's in the middle of the street outside the Palace of
Justice. 'T... Full-text essay
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May 25th, 2000 Descartes sets about proving the existence of God through his
meditations on knowledge in an effort to prove the skeptics of his time wrong.
He first determines that human knowledge is based entirely too much on unproved
presuppositions. He argues that this makes it difficult to distinguish between
truth and error, since we cannot recognize true knowledge. Descartes proposes
that t... Full-text essay
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“...god is dead and no one cares drowning in his own hypocrisy and if there is
a hell I will see you there burning with your god in humility...” —Trent
Reznor, from Heresy Does God exist? As you can see above, even the most vile
human beings acknowledge him. But trying to argue for or against the idea that
God exists is much more difficult than believing that he exists or even
acknowledging that ... Full-text essay
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If you take a look up out in the sky on a seemingly clear night, try and ask
yourself how the stars, the moon and everything else came to be. Again the
question of existence takes over your mind the same way it did everyone else's
years ago. How did the world begin? What was the cause? Who was the cause? A
couple of weeks ago, I had the most interesting conversation with my brother.
Actually, it ... Full-text essay
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The existence of God has been a question since the idea of God was conceived
Descartes tries to prove God's existence, and to show that there is without a
doubt something external to ones own existence. He is looking for a definite
certainty, a foundation for which he can base all of his beliefs and know that
they are true. Descartes' overall project is to find a definite certainty on
which he ca... Full-text essay
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In David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Cleanthes’ argument
from design is successful in supporting the idea that the universe has an
ordered arrangement and pattern. This argument is not sound in its ability to
prove the existence of the Christian God. However, Cleanthes does present a
sound case for order in the universe, which can be seen as an aspect of one’s
faith in a Supreme... Full-text essay
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In my life on this planet I have come to question many things that many take on
as blind faith. We all know that someday we will ‘physically’ die, Yet, we
continuously deny the forces working inside ourselves which want to search out
the true outcome of what may or may not come after death. It’s far easier for
humanity to accept that they will go on to a safe haven and be forgiven for all,
rather... Full-text essay
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Can the descriptions of God, claimed by the Bible, be proven? In Descartes’
Meditations, Descartes logically proved the existence of an infinite and
truthful being. The Holy Bible describes God, our creator. I plan to compare the
logically proven infinite being (God) and the Biblical God and see if their
traits mirror each other. If they do then it would prove, if not give strong
evidence, that t... Full-text essay
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So many people have a false interpretation of who God really is. Understanding
who God really is can clear up a lot of false pretences (ideas) that so many
people have about Him. According to the Bible, there are a number of different
names and interpretations for who God truly is. WHO GOD REALLY IS! Yahweh
*“Eternal God” most common name used for God in the Old Testament (6829
times) *The New Te... Full-text essay
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I. Explain the distinction between substance and process and the importance of
the distinction for the issues discussed in this course. “Over the past few
years…the court…holding that henceforth, before it can be determined that
you Are entitled to “due process” at all, and thus necessarily before it can
be decided what process is “ due,” you must show that what you have been
deprived of amounts ... Full-text essay
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In many respects, Sophocles explains the meaning of Greek justice in Antigone.
On the surface, we see Antigone as a conflict between divine law and man's law.
Antigone is the believer in divine law and Creon is the believer in man's law.
Sophocles could have suggested one character as morally superiority over the
other. However, Sophocles shows us how justice is equally mitigated to Antigone
and ... Full-text essay
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Socrates, Plato and Aristotle had virtually the same beliefs about man's
relation to the State, although Plato's political theory of the State was more
rational than Socrates or Aristotle's. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle all
believed that man was not self-sufficient, they believed man would be most happy
living in a State. They also believed that all men wanted to live the truly good
life where t... Full-text essay
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Happiness dwells in each and every person at sometime or another. Happiness is
described as lucky, fortunate, joyous, showing pleasure, and cheerfulness. Each
of these terms depicts an apparent image of this meaningful word. Nothing is
better than having a good time and usually the only time this happens is when
happiness is present. There are several ways in which anyone can reach
happiness: Nat... Full-text essay
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Inherent inside every human soul is a savage evil side that remains repressed by
society. Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our
culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. History is loaded with
examples of atrocities that have occurred when one culture comes into contact
with another. Whenever fundamentally different cultures meet, there is often a
fear of c... Full-text essay
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The impact of the Heliocentric Theory Heliocentric: Relating to the sun as a
center; appearing as if seen from the sun's center.(Webster,447) The
heliocentric theory was first introduced to the world by a Polish astronomer
named Nicolaus Copernicus. Copernicus published his views on the heliocentric
theory in his book Commentariolus, in 1514, which sparked the time period now
known as the Coperni... Full-text essay
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Henri Bergson was a modern philosopher who merged empiricism with a bit of
rationalism to become part of a new empiricism that held room for intuition and
movement with a flux through time. He essentially refused science’s claim to
explain the universe in mechanical conditions; instead he considered life an
unending creation, a matter of change and time unlike something static. In Henri
Bergson’s... Full-text essay
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Herodotus, the first Greek historian, has been called by some "the father
of history" and by others "the father of lies." Born in 485 B.C
to a wealthy family at Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, he was exiled to Samos soon
after his birth because of his family’s opposition to the Persian domination
of Ionia. During his youth, he traveled widely, studying the manners, customs,
and ... Full-text essay
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Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed theories on human
nature and how men govern themselves. With the passing of time, political views
on the philosophy of government gradually changed. Despite their differences,
Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, all became three of the most influential political
theorists in the world. Their ideas and philosophies spread all over the world
i... Full-text essay
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Human suffering happens every day, everywhere, in many types and ways all around
us. We do not always see it, but that does not mean it does not exist. When we
do see it exist we commonly ask ourselves, "Does human suffering have
meaning?" I can answer this question easily. Yes, it does have meaning. I
can answer this because of the four readings we read. However, as I examine this
ques... Full-text essay
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Hume separates his distinction of truths of into two categories. They are
Relation of Ideas (ROF) and Matter of Fact (MOF). Hume states Relation of Ideas
are always true based on how all its component parts relate. However, Matter of
Fact can and cannot be true depending on circumstance. If its components do not
relate it can not be truth. For example of ROF, all bachelors are unmarried.
This is ... Full-text essay
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There is a popular saying, “anyone can laugh at a good joke.” If one was to
actually ask around, he’/she would find that this is quite true. This is part
of the magic of humor. Humor, as defined by The American Heritage Dictionary, is
“the quality that makes something laughable.” Laughter can be defined as
“the co-ordinated contraction of fifteen facial muscles (Koestler 29). However
that definit... Full-text essay
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In the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes about the right to
private property. In the chapter which is titled “Of Property” he tells how
the right to private property originated, the role it plays in the state of
nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role
the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights
play af... Full-text essay
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John Locke and his ideas about philosophy was a major influence on the American
political system, not to mention many other political systems, too. His ideas
were very universal, especially those regarding rights and freedom, two topics
for which the United States of America is best known. Locke claimed that
“there is a law of nature governing human beings and that it is knowable by
human reason”... Full-text essay
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In his essay, “A Supposition of He Knows Not What,” John Locke offers the
reader an intriguing view of substances and ideas. He argues for the existence
of substances in our world because there must logically be something greater
than the ideas and thoughts that occupy our minds. His argument for their
existence maintains that we cannot see substances in our realms, but we can
perceive them and n... Full-text essay
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Paradise Lost is an epic - poem based on the Biblical story of Adam end Eve. It
attempts to justify and explain how we came to be what we are today. The central
question to Paradise Lost is " where does evil comes from?" Throughout
the poem we receive information about the origin of evil. At the beginning of
John Milton's work we are given the Biblical explanation, of Adam and Eve eatin... Full-text essay
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The concept of justness is a subjective reality. Justice is not present in any
one person, justice appears to be present only in consensus. There is no just,
justice, only the presence of action and consequence for persons in a consensus
regarding their concept of justice. Justice is only just to those who have
conformed to their idea of justice and have helped to create it. Those who are
effecte... Full-text essay
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In the Republic, Plato attempts to answer one of philosophy's most central
questions: What is justice or right conduct? Thrasymachus, who is upset at
Socrates' rhetoric interrupts, suggests that justice is what is in the interest
of the stronger. Thrasymachus's view of justice is that justice is the advantage
of the stronger. Thrasymachus explains this by expressing that the government
makes rule... Full-text essay
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I read how to build a person by Justin Lieber. Justin Lieber is a professor at
the University of Houston, whom also writes science fiction. This selection,
which was taken from his novel Beyond Rejection, is fictional and is based in
the future. The story is set in the year 2112 in a Houston hospital. In this
hospital they are brains on one person into the body of another. The story
starts with t... Full-text essay
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I will try to demonstrate what the public’s reaction was to the angel in “
The very old man with Enormous wings ” and Kafka’s “ Hunger Artist ”
from what the authors wrote in the stories and the characters point of view. I
will also try illustrate how the public has more of a meaning in both stories.
In “ A very old man with Enormous Wings ” the public goes to see the old man
because they wanted ... Full-text essay
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The task that stands before me in this paper is to address two situations and
determine the ethical parameters in which a person should act. The two
philosophical approaches that I will examine the situations with the Kantian and
Utilitarian point of view. Kant deciphers his ethical questions by examining a
person’s motivation for performing an act regardless of the consequences. A
person who uti... Full-text essay
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The categorical imperative is a better guide for moral reasoning because it can
be applied by the individual with a clear, understandable reverence for the
morality of the whole community. Mill’s utilitarianism is also concerned with
the whole, but the mechanism by which one can judge the worth of his or her
actions is quite a leap. When a utilitarian makes a moral decision about an
action the pr... Full-text essay
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In the story, The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, two points of view are
introduced. The Kantian point of view is contrasted with the Utilitarian point
of view. In the story there is a city named Omelas, in which a single child
suffers so that the community may live with great happiness. Most of the
community accepts the fact that one child must suffer for happiness to exist.
However, the odd cit... Full-text essay
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First of all I want to state the Kantian and the Utilitarian views butt heads on
this issue. The Kantian view is nonconsequential, that is as a matter of
principle with the consequences be damned. The Utilitarian view is consequential
with the results given as much consideration as possible. I will attempt to
explain what I mean through some examples. Some school systems hand out condoms
free of ... Full-text essay
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